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Background and Objective: Repair of peripheral nerve is one of main challenge in surgery and despite improvement in this field less than 50% of cases have functional improvment. This study was done to evaluate the comparison of epineural and peripheral methods in ulnar nerve repair. Method: In this clinical trial study, 28 patients with ulnar nerve injury in distal of forearm were r and omly divided equly into epineural and peripheral surgery methods. After 4 months of surgery, the subjects were examined using with EMG, nerve conduction velocity [NCV] and sensorimotor examination on the first dorsal interosos muscle [FDIM] and abductor digiti minim muscle [ADM]. Results: The mean of domain nerve activity, latency nerve activity and NCV in affected upper limb and non affected side had significant differences in epineural and peripheral methods [P<0.05]. Latency nerve activity and NCV were similar in both methods. The mean of motor unit potential [MUP] was determined in 71% and 64% of patiants in epineural and peripheral methods, respectively. Muscle activity of FDIM was observed in 64% and 57% of patients in epineural and peripheral methods, respectively. Light touch was determined in 35.7% and 28.5% of patients in epineural and peripheral methods, respectively. Pain was reported in 78.5% and 57% of patients in epineural and peripheral methods, respectively. Conclusion: There was no difference between nerve repair by epineurium and prineurium methods using EMG, NCV and motorosensorial examination
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Background and Objective: Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for morbid obesity. The classic procedure, jejunoileal bypass, has many complications. This study was carried out to assess the evaluation of clinical complications in morbid obese patients after modified jejunoileal bypass surgery. Method: This descriptive analytic study was carried out on 120 morbid obese patients referred for bariatric surgery. A modified jejunoileal bypass was performed in which the defunctionalized organ eliminated by anastomosing its ends to the gall bladder and cecum. Weight loss and clinical complications were recorded after one year follow up. Results: The mean weight and body mass index reduced from 136 kg and 48 kg/m2 before surgery to 83 kg and 29/8 kg/m2 after one year follow up, respectively [P<0.05]. Before surgery, articular pain [24.3%], dispana [21.6%], cardiovascular disorders [10.8%], fatty liver [5.4%] and sleep disorder [5.4%] due to obesity were recorded. One year follow up after surgery, articular pain [1.5%] and dispana [1.5%] were seen in patiants. No serious post-operative clinical complication was observed. Conclusion: One year follow up after surgery showed that the modified jejunoileal bypass is very effective in reducing body weight and does not lead to serious complication
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Epilepsy has prevalence about 0.5 - 1% of world population. From many years ago, plants used to treat of various neurological diseases such as seizures. The anticonvulsant effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Tanacetum Sonbolii was examined in male mice. 60 mice were randomly divided into six groups [n=10], included: A control group [normal saline] and 5 groups receiving Sonbolii extract [150, 300, 600, 900, 1200 mg/kg]. 30 min after peritoneal injection of different doses extract or saline, PTZ [85 mg/kg] were injected and the animal immediately transferred to a special cage, and the seizure behavior was evaluated within 30 minutes. The tonic and colonic seizures were significantly reduced in the groups that received extract compared to control group. The onsets of seizures were difference between treated and control animals statistically. Extract were reduced the rate of death during seizures and was prevented the outbreak of tonic - colonic seizures in some case. Our results showed that the extracts of Tanacetum Sonbolii have strong anticonvulsant effect, and more complementary studies will be done for identifying the mechanism of action and effective material of Sonbolii exact
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Deep vein thrombosis is one of common cardiovascular diseases caused by formation of clot in a vein. Incorrect lifestyles such as prolonged immobilization, unsuitable nutrition, tobacco use, and substance abuse [alcohol, narcotic] are considered as important risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. This analytical study was designed to determine the type of lifestyle among inpatients with deep vein thrombosis [DVT] of Qazvin hospitals in 2010. Patients were selected through convenience sampling and evaluated by life style self-made questionnaire. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential [chi-square] statistics. According to our data, incorrect lifestyle was observed in many of patients
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This research intended to compare personality characteristics, neurosis and depression in self-inflicted burn patients and normal women in Ahvaz. The research designed as post hoc [causal comparative] study. The subjects of the study consisted of 100 self-inflicted burn female patients admitted to Taleghani burn hospital who were selected via incidental sampling procedure and 100 ordinary females. The group was selected randomly by simple sampling method among Ahvaz female population uninvolved with burn. The age of both samples ranged 14 through 81 years. In order to assess personality characteristics, neurosis and depression, three standardized methods were used: NEO-PI-R, Beck Depression Inventory. Data were analyzed by ANOVA test, considering a P value of less than 0.05 as significant. There were significant differences between self-inflicted and ordinary women in terms of their personality characteristics [P<0.05], neurosis [P<0.001] and depression [P<0.001]. The presence of higher rate of depression and neurosis as well as differences in personality traits among self-inflicted burn females suggest that these variables contribute to this devastating phenomena in this city
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Despite the explicit health warnings, large numbers of students continue to take up tobacco. To achieve significant long-term reductions in tobacco use and smoking-related death, the nature and scope of tobacco use in youths should be examined, the social, psychological, and marketing motives that influence young people in their decision to use tobacco products explored, and strategies and programs to prevent young people from becoming users developed. This qualitative study was conducted to explore motives for cigarette smoking among high school students in Urmia with financial support of Pakan Association- a Nursing NGO- in 2005. Focus groups and questionnaires were used for data collection. 2360 students in four high schools in educational districts 1 and 2 at Urmia city were recruited at the first stage of sampling and their cigarette smoking patterns were determined. At the second stage, five focus groups, each with 6-10 participants, were formed at the schools by volunteer students. Sessions were taped and transcribed and the themes of discussions were elicited by content analysis approach. Findings showed that the main motives of students for cigarette smoking included anger relief, curiosity, sense of dignity, fear of isolation, peer pressure, imitation, sense of joy, obstinacy, opposition to parents, lack of compassion in family, early love, unwanted stimulation of parents, smoking of family members, fight with loneliness, and opposition to social authorities. The major complaint of students was stringency of parents and an important motive for smoking was opposition to parents. Thus, strengthening compassion in families can somehow control smoking in youths
Subject(s)
Humans , Smoking/prevention & control , Students , Schools , Qualitative Research , Parents , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Depressive, anxious, aggressive and regressive behaviors are the most common psychiatric symptoms following natural disasters in children. Art, play and behavioral techniques are used for reducing these traumatic symptoms. We studied the effect of 12 sessions of group play therapy in children 3 to 6 years old who had been exposed to the Bam earthquake directly. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of 12 sessions of group play therapy with cognitive-behavioral approach for the preschool aged children who had been exposed to the Bam earthquake directly and had lost at least one of their first degree family members. Mental retarded children and those with psychiatric or severe medical problems that needed medications were excluded. Before and after interventions we evaluated post traumatic, emotional and anxiety symptoms by using Yule's PTSD scale and behavioral symptoms by Rutter's questionnaire. Then we compared before and after interventions scores. At first 19 children were included in the study, 13 of them completed at least two thirds of the interventional sessions. We excluded six children who participated in fewer sessions. The mean scores of Yule's PTSD scale and Rutter's questionaire reduced during interventions which was statistically significant. Trauma/grief focused group play therapy may be effective in reducing post traumatic symptoms of natural disasters in preschool aged children
Subject(s)
Humans , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/therapy , Natural Disasters , Grief , Behavioral Symptoms , Affective Symptoms , Child, PreschoolABSTRACT
Prevention and treatment of the rickets of prematurity is an important aspect of the care of preterm infants. The purpose of this study was to compare the prophylactic effects of different doses of vitamin D on the clinical, biochemical and radiological indices of the rickets of prematurity. In a randomized clinical trial, 68 premature infants [<38 weeks] with birth weight under 2000 g, randomly divided in two groups. Infants received 400 IU/d vitamin D in Group A [n=32] and 1000 IU/d in group B [n= 36]. On the 9th week of birth, serum calcium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase were measured and x-ray of left wrist and physical examination were performed. The average serum calcium, phosphate and alkaline phosphatase in both groups had no difference [P= 0.326, 0.466, 0.147, respectively] and no one had a radiological or clinical picture of rickets. In conclusion we recommend low dose vitamin D for prevention of the osteopenia of prematurity